tutorial hari ini..

Assalamualaikum wbt

Erm, dah lama tak jenguk blog ni. Entry pun dah lama tak letak. Minta maaf kepada rakan-rakan dan sesiapa yang menyinggah di sini. Hopefully dapat la sesuatu walaupun entry yang diletak kadang2 tu...agak ntah apa2 =)
Sejak kebelakangan ni, agak sibuk dengan jadual harian. Serabut jugakla kadang2. Erm, kesian kat orang yang terpaksa melayan kerenahku ini ;) Thank you! I really appreciate that...

Anyway, I'm currently doing A&E (accident and emergency) attachment. Minggu ni je, dah 2 consultant cakap pasal basal skull fracture kat A&E. So, saja letak info regarding this fracture. Walaupun tak details, hopefully rakan-rakan boleh la ingat signs di bawah ni.

Basal skull fracture

Basal skull fracture is a linear skull fracture involving the base of the skull. This type of fracture is rare, occurring as the only fracture in just 4% of severe head injury patients. Moreover, it is most often associated with leakage in the cerebrospinal fluid of the brain into the ear (CSF otorrhea) or the nose (CSF rhinorrhea).

Basilar skull fractures can be caused by a blow to the back of the head, or by sudden deceleration of torso but not head (as in traffic accidents), resulting in separation of the suture between the occipital and temporal bones.

Signs:

- Battle's sign - is ecchymosis of the mastoid prosess of the temporal bone.
- Racoon eyes- is periorbital ecchymosis i.e "black eyes"
- CSF rhinorrhea
- Cranial nerve palsy
- Bleeding from the nose and ears
- In 1 to 10% of patients, ocular nerve entrapment occurs: the ocular nerve is pressed by the broken skull bones, causing irregularities in vision.